Respiratory system
The respiratory system's function is to allow gas exchange through all parts of the body. The space between the alveoli and the capillaries, the anatomy or structure of the exchange system, and the precise physiological uses of the exchanged gases vary depending on organism. In humans and other mammals, for example, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.
Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.
Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract—a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus—and other organs that help the body break down and absorb food (see figure).
Organs that make up the digestive tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine—also called the colon—rectum, and anus. Inside these hollow organs is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. The digestive tract also contains a layer of smooth muscle that helps break down food and move it along the tract.
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Tuesday, March 2, 2010
acapnia n.
a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
aceton n.
an organic compound that is an intermediate in many bacterial fermentation and is produced by fatty acid oxidation.
acholia n.
absence or deficiency of bile secretion or failure of the bile to enter the alimentary canal.
actomyosin n.
a protein complex formed in muscle between actin and myosis during the process of contraction.
adaptation n.
the phenomenon in which a sense organ show a gradually diminishing response to continuous or repetitive stimulation.
adipohere n.
a waxlike s substance consisting mainly of fatty acids into which the soft tissue of the body can be converted after death.
advancement n.
the detachment by surgery of a muscle musculocutaneous flap or tendon from its normal attachment site and its reattachment at more advanced.
aerobe n.
any organism especially a microbe that requires the presence of tree oxygen for life and growth.
agglutinin n.
an antibody that brings about the agglutination of bacteria blood cells or other antigenic particles.
agraphia n.
an acquired inability to write although the strength and coordination of the hand remain normal.
air bed n.
a bed with a mattress whose upper surface is perforated with thousands of holes through which air is forced under pressure.
alactasia n.
absence or deficiency of the enzyme lactase which is essential for the digestion of milk sugar
albinism n.
the inherited absence of pigmentation in the skin hair and eye resulting in white hair and pink skin and eye.
albumose n.
substance intermediate between albumin and peptones produced during the digestion of proteins by pepsin and other endopeptidases.
alcoholism n.
the syndrome due to physical dependence on alcohol such that sudden deprivation may cause withdrawal symptoms.
aldosteronism n.
overproduction of adosterone one of the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex leading to abnormalities in the amount of sodium potassium and water in the body.
algesimeter n.
a piece of equipment for determining the sensitivity of the skin to various touch stimuli especially those causing pain.
alkaloid n.
one of a diverse group of nitrogen containing substances that are produced by plants and have potent effects on body function.
amoxicillin n.
an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by a wide range of bacteria and other maroorganisms
antacid n.
a drug that neutralized the hydrochloric acid secreted in the digestive juices of the stomach.
antifungi adj.
describing a drug that kills or inactives fungi and is used to treat fungal infections.
anus n.
the opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal through which the faeces are discgarged.
aortography n.
x-ray examination of the aorta, in which a series of images is taken during the injection of radiopague contrast medium.
aprosexia n.
inability to fix the attention on any subject due to poor eyesight defective hearing or mental weakness.
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