Respiratory system

The respiratory system's function is to allow gas exchange through all parts of the body. The space between the alveoli and the capillaries, the anatomy or structure of the exchange system, and the precise physiological uses of the exchanged gases vary depending on organism. In humans and other mammals, for example, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.

Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.



DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract—a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus—and other organs that help the body break down and absorb food (see figure). Organs that make up the digestive tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine—also called the colon—rectum, and anus. Inside these hollow organs is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. The digestive tract also contains a layer of smooth muscle that helps break down food and move it along the tract.

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Tuesday, March 2, 2010

abarticulation n.

the dislocation of a joint.

abasa n.

an inability to walk for which no physical cause can be identify.

abdomen n.

the part of the body cavity below the chest.

abduct vb.

To move a limb or ant other part away from the middle of the body.

aberrrant adj.

abnormal.

abiotrophy n.

degeneration or loss of function without apparent cause.

ablation n.

the removal of tissue, a part of the body or an abnormal growth.

abortion n.

the expulsion or removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus at a stage of pregnancy.

abrasion n.

a graze.

abreaction n.

the release of strong emotion associated with buried memory.

abutment n.

a component of a dental bridge or implant.

acantha n.

a spine projecting from a vertebra.

acapnia n.

a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood

acaricide n.

any chemical agent used for destroying mites and ticks.

accident n.

a traumatic incident involving any part of the body.

acentric n.

a chromosome or fragment of a chromosome that has no centromere.

aceton n.

an organic compound that is an intermediate in many bacterial fermentation and is produced by fatty acid oxidation.

acholia n.

absence or deficiency of bile secretion or failure of the bile to enter the alimentary canal.

achylia n.

absence of secretion.

acidosis n.

a condition in which the acidity of body fluids and tissue is abnormally high.

acne n.

a common inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands.

acrosome n.

the caplike structure on the front end of a spermatozoon.

acrosome n.

the caplike structure on the front end of a spermatozoon.

actomyosin n.

a protein complex formed in muscle between actin and myosis during the process of contraction.

acute adj.

describing a disease of rapid onset severe symptoms and brief duration.

adaptation n.

the phenomenon in which a sense organ show a gradually diminishing response to continuous or repetitive stimulation.

addiction n.

a state dependence produced by the habitual taking of drug.

adduct vb.

To move a limb or any other part towards the middle of the body.

adenitis n.

inflammation of a gland or group of structure.

adenoids n.

the collection of lymphatic tissue at the rear of the nose.

adipohere n.

a waxlike s substance consisting mainly of fatty acids into which the soft tissue of the body can be converted after death.

aditus n.

an anatomical opening or passage.

adnexa n.

adjoining part.

adrenergic adj.

describing nerve fibres that release noradrenaline as a neurotransmitter.

advancement n.

the detachment by surgery of a muscle musculocutaneous flap or tendon from its normal attachment site and its reattachment at more advanced.

aerobe n.

any organism especially a microbe that requires the presence of tree oxygen for life and growth.

aerobic adj.

of or relating to aerobes.

aerophagy n.

the swallowing of air .

aetiology n.

the study or science of the causes of disease.

affect n.

the predominat emotion in a persons mental state.

afterpains n.

pains caused contractions uterine childbirth.

agenesis n.

absence of an organ usually due to total failure of its development in the embryo.

agglutinin n.

an antibody that brings about the agglutination of bacteria blood cells or other antigenic particles.

agonist n.

a muscle whose active contraction causes movement of a part of the part of the body.

agraphia n.

an acquired inability to write although the strength and coordination of the hand remain normal.

air bed n.

a bed with a mattress whose upper surface is perforated with thousands of holes through which air is forced under pressure.

akinesia n.

a loss of normal muscular tonicity or responsiveness.

alactasia n.

absence or deficiency of the enzyme lactase which is essential for the digestion of milk sugar

alastrim n.

a mild form of smallpox causing only a sparse rash and low grade fever.

albinism n.

the inherited absence of pigmentation in the skin hair and eye resulting in white hair and pink skin and eye.

albino n.

an individual lacking the normal body pigment.

albumin n.

a protein that is soluble in water and coagulated by heat.

albumose n.

substance intermediate between albumin and peptones produced during the digestion of proteins by pepsin and other endopeptidases.

alcohol n.

any of a class of organic compounds formed when a hydroxyl group.

alcoholism n.

the syndrome due to physical dependence on alcohol such that sudden deprivation may cause withdrawal symptoms.

aldosteronism n.

overproduction of adosterone one of the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex leading to abnormalities in the amount of sodium potassium and water in the body.

alexia n.

an acquired inability to read.

algesimeter n.

a piece of equipment for determining the sensitivity of the skin to various touch stimuli especially those causing pain.

algid adj.

cold.

algorithm n.

a sequential set of instruments used in calculator or solving problem.

alkaloid n.

one of a diverse group of nitrogen containing substances that are produced by plants and have potent effects on body function.

allantois n.

the membranous sac that develops as an outgrowth of the embryonic hinfout.

allergy n.

a discover in which the body becomes hypersensitive to particular antigens.

alopecia n

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows.

alteplase n.

a tissue type plasminogen activator made by recombinant DNA technology.

alveolus n.

a blind ended air sac of microscopic size.

amelia n.

congenital total absence of the arms or legs due to a developments defect.

amnesia n.

total or partial loss of memory following physical injury.

amoeba n.

any protozoan of jelly like consistency and irregular and constantly changing shape.

amoxicillin n.

an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by a wide range of bacteria and other maroorganisms

anaerobic adj.

of or relating to anaerobes

anaesthesia n.

loss of feeling or sensation in part or all of the body.

anal adj.

of relating to or affecting the anus.

analysis n.

any means of understanding processes or experiences.

anatomy n.

the study of the structure of living organisms.

anergy n.

lack of response to a specific antigen or allergen.

angiitis n.

a patchy inflammation of the walls of small blood vessels.

angle n.

corner.

ankle n.

the hinge joint between the leg and the foot.

anomaly n.

any deviation from the normal especially a congenital or development defect.

anoplasty n.

a surgical technique used to repair a weak or injured anal sphincter.

anosmia n.

absence of the sense of smell.

ansa n.

a loop

antacid n.

a drug that neutralized the hydrochloric acid secreted in the digestive juices of the stomach.

anterior adj.

desgribing or relating to the front portion of the body or limbs.

antibacterial adj.

describing an antibiotic that is active againts bacteria.

antibiotic n.

substance produced by or derived from a microorganisms.

antifungi adj.

describing a drug that kills or inactives fungi and is used to treat fungal infections.

anus n.

the opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal through which the faeces are discgarged.

anxiety n.

generalized pervasive fear.

aorta n.

the main artery of the body, from which all others derive.

aortography n.

x-ray examination of the aorta, in which a series of images is taken during the injection of radiopague contrast medium.

apex n.

the tip or summit of an organ.

aplasia n.

total or partial failure of development of an organ or tissue.

apotreptic adj.

dscribing response prevention therapy for obsessional neusis.

appestat n.

a region in the brain that controls the amount of food intake.

apposition n.

state pf two structure such as parts of the body being in close contact.

aprosexia n.

inability to fix the attention on any subject due to poor eyesight defective hearing or mental weakness.

aqueduct n.

a canal containing fluid.

arachnidism n.

poisoning from the bite of aspider.

arbor n.

a treelike structure.

arch prefix

first primitive.

argasidae n.

see tick.